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    chain surveying instruments pdf

    A. 3. 1st edition published in 1892. method. Metric chains are made in lengths 20m and 30m. Chaining Free, Vision Obstructed 2. by Ira O. Baker, C.E. 3 Types of Chain in Surveying. Measure the offsets/or ties from every necessary point on the details to . ENGINEERS' SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS: THEIR CONSTRUCTION, ADJUSTMENT AND USE. The source of the term "chain" is frequently used in tape and steel tape measurements in surveying.

    Tallies are fixed at every five-meter length and brass . Surveying is classified based on various criteria including the instruments used, purpose, the area surveyed and the method used. Topographic surveying : It is carried out to the features such as hills, rivers, forests and man made features like villages, buildings, transmission lines and roads. View 03 Chapter 3 - Chain Surveying.pdf from CE MISC at University of Notre Dame. The main pieces of surveying equipment in use around the world are the following: theodolite, measuring tape, total station, 3D scanners, GPS/GNSS, level and rod. remaining portion of the chain in the right hand. Lesson 3. 1 link is equal to 1/100 of a chain or 7.92 inches. Measure all the chain (based) lines once in each direction using the direct measurement. The surveying activities are. INSTRUMENTS USED IN CHAINING. Invented by the English mathematician Edmund Gunter in the early 17th century, Gunter's chain is exactly 22 yards (about 20 m) long and divided into 100 links. Richeson. It sometimes happens that a survey line passes through some object such as a pond, a building, a river, a hedge etc. 2. A good knowledge of chain surveying is therefore essential to a proper knowledge of surveying as a whole. pegs . Curve Setting - Simple circular curve setting by chain, tape & theodolite 10. Reference Books: 1. Thus, in discipline, the measurements are taken only in the horizontal plane. Purpose 5-3. Arrows. 20. It derives its name from the fact that the principle equipment commonly used is the chain. Lesson 5. Below is a summary of eight different types of surveying equipment and their uses: 1. The length is 20 m or 30 m. The metallic rings or tags are attached with chain to facilitate quick reading of the fraction of a chain in surveying measurement. (ii) Observation and Measurement The following instruments are required for measurements with chain and tape: [1] ARROWS. compass surveying . Chain or tape, Arrows, Pegs, Ranging rods, Offset rods, Laths or whites, Plumb bob, Cross staff and Mallet. ranging . H .TANDON 257559 views. Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used. chain . Chain surveying is one of the methods of land surveying. 3-00 SURVEY DATUMS AND THE MARYLAND COORDINATE SYSTEM Page 3-01 Horizontal Datum A. Details to be filled up are simple and less. chain. The modern steel and fiberglass measuring tapes used by surveyors are still . [2] 2. Classification on the Basis of Instruments Used. Chains and Tapes. The links is 0.2 m or 200 mm in diameter. Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of different objects on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal distances between them, and by preparing a map to any suitable scale. CHAIN SURVEY. 4) Measurement of bearings of sides of traverse with prismatic compass and computation of correct included angle. 3.4 Engineer's Chain. Here the following topics of Surveying are discussed: You are reading a preview. MINE SURVEYING CHAIN SURVEYING Web: www.amiestudycircle.com Ph: +91 9412903929 1/32 AMIE(I) STUDY CIRCLE(REGD.) Transit type traversing a)By fast needle method b)By measurement of angles between the lines. Plane table surveying 49-51 Lesson 8. Based on instruments: . A Transit is a surveying instrument having a horizontal circle divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds. Levelling- description of level instruments 56-61 Lesson 10. In land surveying, this is achieved during the reconnaissance study. EVOLUTION OF MINE-SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS . surveyor's chain, also called Gunter's chain, measuring device and arbitrary measurement unit still widely used for surveying in English-speaking countries. Metric chain (ii). UNFOLDING.

    Basic principle 5-4. Chaining and Vision Both Obstructed. 5. Steel . It is the simplest kind of survey and is most suitable when the area to be surveyed is small in extend and is fairly level and open with simple details. 4. Instruments Used in Chain Surveying Some of the main instruments that are used in chain surveying are: 1. Chain Surveying - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Fig. plane table surveying . Name of the Equipment Range Type Quantity 1 Chain Metric chain 20m or 30m 1 2 Tape Linen Tape 20m 1 3 Ranging Rods 3m or 2m height 5 4 Arrows 5 2Engr.Shams Ul Islam (shams@cecos.edu.pk) 3. This survey is carried out to locate the boundaries of a field and to determine its area. both the handles in the left hand and hold the. Main Stations: With such surveying instruments, survey work will be slow and tedious. The following are the principal methods: Chain traversing. Plane Surveying Chapter 3 Chain Surveying (Tape Measurements) Dr. Sari Abusharar University of Palestine Faculty of Make a reconnaissance of the area and select a suitable framework (chain lines) and stations. 9 . 9. Instruments used for chain surveying: The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows. The three main obstacles in chaining of a line are of the following types: 1. Surveyor's chain. Non-Metric chain (a).Gunters chain or Surveyors chain (b). Ranging rod. A 100 m tape is suspended between the ends under a pull of 200 N. If the weight of the tape is 30 N, the correct distance between the tape ends will be nearly. Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying instruments. Party Chief 2.1.1 C. GPS Technician 2.1.1 2-02 Care of Equipment . [1] Chain Survey Is Suitable In the Following Cases: 1. 3.2 Steel Band or Band Chain. Shape of the Earth 3.1.1 B. While 66 feet seems unusual, it was used to keep the early chains from being too long and . Holding both the handles in the left hand, throw. H .TANDON for the civil engineering students. Chain used for Chain Surveying Each link at the end is bent into a loop and is connected to adjoiningly by means of three oval rings which offers flexibility to the chain. What are the instruments required for a chain survey? Survey data is portrayed graphically by the construction of maps, profiles, cross sections, and diagrams. A chain (see Fig. Chain surveying is a very old method but is still used at times when you don't have proper equipment and technologies like in remote . Most survey instruments screw onto a tripod when in use. OBJECTIVE: Study of various instruments used in chain surveying and their uses INSTRUMENTS: 1) Chain or tape 2) Arrows 3) Ranging rods 4) Cross staff 5) Offset rods 6) Pegs 7) Plumb bob DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 1 a) Chain: The chain is composed of 100 or 150 pieces of galvanized mild steel wire, 1 A chain Theodolite Surveying: The theodolite is an instrument that is used to measure the horizontal and vertical angles. 3.1.3.1 Total Stations A total station is used for measuring both horizontal and zenith angles as well as slope distances. To measure distance between two points. Ground is fairly level 3. Download Solution PDF. Surveying is classified based on various criteria including the instruments used, purpose, the area surveyed and the method used. The one of the main instrument used in levelling is levelling staff. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. 3) Determination of area of polygon by chain and cross staff survey. In chain surveying, the area that is to be measured is divided into a network of small triangles. 43-48 Lesson 7. The leveling staff is a box section of aluminum or wood, which will extend to 3 or 5 m in height by telescoping, hinging or addition of sections. Early chains were wood; later ones were made of iron. Chain Surveying Procedure: For chain surveying, at least two men are required, but frequently three people are employed. Plane Surveying: The type of surveying in which the mean surface tachometric surveying etc. arrows . Linear Measurement: (Chain Surveying) The following equipment is available for linear measurements. 1.4 IMPORTANCE OF SURVEYING Surveying is one of the world's oldest and most important arts Chain Surveying 1.0. Technical Supervisor and Division Procurement Officer 2.1.1 B. SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS This can be divided into two (A) Linear measurement (B) Angular measurement level readings. To carry out survey of an area by chain survey and plot the same. 1962 and 1967. The procedure of chain surveying. 2-00 SURVEY EQUIPMENT 2-01 Control A. (i) To start the chaining of a line the follower holds the zero end of the chain in contact with the peg at the beginning of the line and presses the handle with his feet and . The equipment required in chain surveying includes the following: (i) A chain with a set of ten arrows. Instruments required in chain survey 4-15. There were 100 links, each 0.66 feet in length. It is the method of land surveying in which only linear measurements are made. (The term "details" means a natural or manmade features at or near the ground surface). 100.5 m. 100.3 m. 100.1 m. 99.9 m. Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Plane Table Survey by GAURAV. Chain Surveying.pdf - Chain Surveying Measurements \u2022 Linear \u2022 Angular \u2022 Direct \u2022 Indirect \u2022 Optical means \u2022 Electromagnetic methods \u2022. Arrows are used for this purpose. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and some time cross staff. Lesson 9. (iii) About one dozen ranging rods (the actual number depends upon the extent of survey). Then the sides of each triangle are measured directly using a chain or a tape. 2 Parts of Chains used in Surveying. Based on the instrument used; surveys can be classified into; i) Chain tape surveys ii) Compass surveys iii) Plane table surveys iv) Theodolite surveys plane table surveying . Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. chain . Chain surveying is a very common method of surveying that is used for less-precise but quick results. Instruments for setting out perpendiculars 5-4-1.Chain or tape Generally a . a. The most common surveyor's chain was 66 feet long and made up of 100 links. Activate your 30 day free trial to continue reading. Usually, a chain has a total length of 20 metres, including one handle at each end. 5. Book Detail: Surveying and Leveling Levelling is a process of determining the height of one level relative to another.It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum, or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum. SURVEY INSTRUMENTS S.NO NAME IMAGE Surveyor's Chain Measuring tape (Linen) Measuring tape (Steel) 1 SURVEY 1) is made up of connected steel segments, or links, which each measure 20 cm. The practice of surveying is an art, because it is dependent up on the skills, judgments and experience of surveyor. 1) EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES: Chain A chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. For alignment of roads, railways, bridges, etc. Introduction Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Chain Surveying. Ends of chains carry . 6.Cross Staffs 6. From determining property boundaries to preparing construction sites, surveyors rely on certain equipment to do their jobs properly. Methods of Traversing. Chain Surveying Lesson 4. Remove the strap of the folded chain and take. Surveying MCQ Question 10. A FOCUSSED APPROACH Chain Surveying CHAINS Gunter's Chain : The Gunter's chain is 66 ft. Long and is divided into 100 links each 0.66 ft. Long. a. It is a method of surveying in which the area is divided into net work of triangles and the sides of the various triangles are measured directly in the field with chain or tape and no angular measurement are taken. . Chain (20m, 25m, 30m, or 50m long). Classification of survey based on Instrument- Chain Survey, Compass Survey, Levelling, Plane table Surveying, Theodolite Survey, Tacheometric Survey, Photogrammetric Survey, EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement) Survey. 1.1. These surveys are of high precision and extend over large areas. 4 Technical Terms. To determine the difference in elevation of two points or to measure the height of a building/tower or depth of a valley. of an actual chain made of individual links. Staff bubbles. Groma (surveying) Gunter's chain; Gyrotheodolite; H. Heliotrope (instrument) Hilger & Watts; I. Inclinometer; Invar; J. Jacob's staff; L. Laser level; Laser line level; 2. Theodolite Surveying is carried out for many purposes, some of which are stated below; To measure horizontal and vertical angles precisely. which prevents the direct measurement of .

    Surveying - Punmia, Vol. When the length of the line to be measured is more than a chain length, there is need to mark the end of the chain length. Chain surveying is not suitable for large areas having many details. This is a very easy method of surveying. The Earliest Surveying Instruments. 2. View Lab Report - Survey Instruments.pdf from MKTG BA 640 at University of South Carolina. 5 Testing and Adjustment of Chain. is required to transfer the points to the ground. Chain. Plotting work with conventional signs QUESTIONS 4 Chapter 5 CROSS STAFF CHAIN SURVEYING AND INSTRUMENTS 5-1.

    Because of its ease of use, it is used during reconnaissance survey as a quick method of surveying to get . A land surveyor uses instruments to make precise measurements of the earth's surface. Chain is used as unit of measurement for horizontal distances in chain surveying. In the device, each link is a solid bar. Tachymeter (surveying) Tape (surveying) Tellurometer. 3.5 Revenue Chain. Radiation, Intersection and traversing 52-55 MODULE 6. It is the simplest of all other methods of surveying like traversing, topography, or plane table surveying. It has a vertical circle or arc. One Link = .66' Figure 1: Surveyor's Chain The early surveyor's chain used the English length of 66 feet. The process of surveying is therefore in three stages namely: (i) Taking a general view This part of the definition is important as it indicates the need to obtain an overall picture of what is required before any type of survey work is undertaken. Write the different types of Chain. Pegs. It derives its name from the fact that the principle equipment commonly used is the . H .TANDON 405030 views. Chain surveying requires chain, tape and ranging rods. theodolite surveying . In addition, they also have features for measurement to points that cannot Tacheometric surveying is a method of surveying in which the horizontal and vertical distances of relative points are determined without using any sophisticated instruments such as chain, tape, etc. arrows . Hydrographic surveying : Related with water bodies like low water level, high flood level etc. Field work b . Ranging Rods. Analog or digital tape measures are often used for measurement of smaller distances. 1. Surveying 6XUYH\LQJ is the art of and science of determining the relative positions of various points or stations on the surface of the earth by measuring the horizontal and vertical based on the criterion given in Note 1. SURVEY OF AN AREA BY CHAIN SURVEY (CLOSED TRAVERSE) & PLOTTING OBJECTIVE: To survey an open field by chain survey in order to calculate an area of the field RESOURCES: S. No. Area is open and 4. electronic methods, Chain Surveying, Minor Instruments for setting out rightangle. Surveyor's compass.

    . It has brass handles at both ends for easy handling. Basic Terms Used in Chain Surveying Some of the terms that are commonly used in chain surveying are described in short below: 1. Technical Terms Used in chain Surveying Survey Stations These are important point fixed on ground indicating the starting point and the end point of the survey line. Compass Surveying by GAURAV. 2. Chain surveying is generally done for a relatively smaller area to describe the boundaries of plots or land and to locate the existing features on it. What is Chain Surveying? Chain surveying is the simplest method of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. tachometric surveying etc. The aim of surveying is to prepare a map to show the relative . Chain used for Surveying 20m chain - 100 links 30m chain - 150 links 1 links - 20cm Links of chain are made by mild steel wire - 4mm diameter.

    pegs . Chaining Obstructed, Vision Free 3. (iv) An offset rod. Instruments used for chain surveying: The various instruments used in chain surveying are as follows. It can be read direct to the nearest link (200mm in length), every tenth link being marked .

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